Fig 2: Expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain of SIV-infected macaques.(A and B) Pathway enrichment analysis of signatures of cytokine signaling in PBMCs (A) and in the frontal cortex (FC) (B) of SIV-infected macaques at 7 and 14 dpi. Cytokine signaling signatures at 14 dpi (changes not significant compared with 7 dpi) in PBMCs and 7 dpi (changes not significant compared with control) in FC were not included. Circle size is proportional to the FDR q value of each pathway as measured by GSEA. Circle color corresponds to pathway normalized enrichment score (NES) at 7 and 14 dpi compared with uninfected control macaques. (C) Top panel: heatmap of the leading-edge genes that contribute to the enrichment of IL-6 signaling pathways in the FC of macaque brain at 7 and 14 dpi compared with the uninfected control. Each row represents normalized mRNA expression of a gene across all 7 and 14 dpi and chronic animals. Each column represents an animal belonging to control group (first bloc) and at day 7 (second bloc) and day 14 (third bloc) after SIV infection. Changes in the row z score are represented as unique color from lowest (blue) to highest (red) color gradient; lower panel: SLEA score of pathways of IFN-a response, IL-6 signaling, and IFNß1 targets at 7 and 14 dpi in the brain compared with control macaques. n = 3 (control, 7 dpi), n = 5 (14 dpi) (C).