Fig 1: Treadmill exercise decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines and p-CRMP2 in 3 × Tg-AD mice. (A–C) ELISA analysis of IL-1ß (A), IL-6 (B), and TNFa (C) concentrations in the prefrontal cortex. The concentrations of IL-1ß ((A), *** p < 0.001; n = 8-8), IL-6 ((B), *** p < 0.001; n = 8-8), and TNFa ((C), *** p < 0.001; n = 8-8) in the prefrontal cortex were significantly increased in the 3 × Tg-AD control group compared to the non-Tg control group, and these increases were blocked by treadmill exercise pretreatment (*** p < 0.001, n = 8-8). (D) Representative western blots for p-CRMP2-Thr514 and CRMP2 in the prefrontal cortex homogenates were prepared from these four groups of mice. (E) Quantitative analysis revealed that the levels of p-CRMP2-Thr514/CRMP2 was significantly higher in 3 × Tg-AD mice compared to the non-Tg control group (*** p < 0.001, n = 8-8), and this increase was blocked by treadmill exercise pretreatment (*** p < 0.001, n = 8-8). See Supplementary Figure S4 for uncropped blots.