Fig 1: RA alleviated MPP+-induced mitochondrial damage via the mtUPR in SH-SY5Y cells. MPP+ caused a significant increase in CLPP (A), LONP1 (B), HSPA9 (C), and HSPE1 (D) expression, and RA reversed these increases in a dose-dependent manner. RA regulated SIRT4 (E) expression in SHSY5Y cells. The expression of SIRT4 was increased by MPP+, and RA reversed this increase in a dose-dependent manner. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way analysis of ANOVA with Tukey's test was used in CLPP, LONP1, and HSPA9. One-way analysis of ANOVA with Dunnett's T3 test was used in HSPE1 and Sirt4. N = 3-8 cell samples per group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 when compared with the MPP+ group.
Fig 2: RA alleviated MPTP-induced mitochondrial damage via the mtUPR in MPTP-mice. MPTP caused a significant increase in CLPP (A), LONP1 (B), HSPA9 (C), and HSPE1 (D) expression, and RA reversed these increases in a dose-dependent manner. RA regulated SIRT4 (E) expression in MPTP-mice. The expression of SIRT4 increased by MPTP administration, and RA reversed this increase in a dose-dependent manner. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way analysis of ANOVA with Tukey's test was used in CLPP, LONP1, HSPE1, and Sirt4. One-way analysis of ANOVA with Dunnett's T3 test was used in HSPA9. N = 4 mice per group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 when compared with the MPTP group.
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