Fig 2: Expression of MFG-E8 according to prostate and renal cancer grades.Comparison of the percentage of MFG-E8-positive staining between prostate cancer (a), CCRC (b), and PRCC (c) specimens with regards to cancer grade and malignancy. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA test: m = mean; ns = not significant; * p = 0.05 (3 + 3 vs. 4 + 4); *** p = 0.001 (2 vs. 4).

Fig 3: Expression of MFG-E8 in malignant areas of prostate and renal cancer tissues. Representative images of IF staining in prostate (A) and renal (B) cancer TMAs, grade 3 + 4 and grade 3, respectively. DAPI (blue) = nuclei, CK 8/18 (yellow) = epithelial cells, and MFG-E8 (red). The white boxes represent zoomed-in areas. Scale bars: 200 µm for whole image of sample, 50 µm for zoomed-in images. Images represent examples of high (top panels) and low (bottom panels) levels of MFG-E8 expression for both types of cancer.

Fig 4: Patient survival according to MFG-E8 expression in prostate and renal cancer tissues. Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed for prostate (A) and renal (B) cancer patients based on the median value of MFG-E8 expression (classified as high (17%) and low (7.6%)). For prostate cancer, endpoints for analyses included biochemical recurrence (BCR), bone metastasis (BM), and overall survival (OS). For renal cancer, endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. A value of p = 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Fig 5: Percentage of MFG-E8-positive surface in malignant and benign areas for prostate and renal cancer tissues. We compared the percentage of MFG-E8-positive staining in prostate cancer (a), CCRC (b), and PRCC (c) specimens in malignant (grey dots) and nonmalignant areas (benign/peripheral = white squares). Statistical analyses were performed using Mann–Whitney test: m = mean; ** p = 0.01; **** p = 0.0001.