Fig 1: Single-cell transcriptome plots of epithelial cells.a t-SNE plot of 20 epithelial cells from cancer tissues (n = 13) and para-cancerous tissues (n = 5). b Dot plot of the expression levels of cell type marker genes in 5 cell types. c t-SNE plot of epithelial cells from cancer tissues (n = 13) and para-cancerous tissues (n = 5) (coloured by cell type). Subclusters 6, 11, 12, and 13 were identified as M/PDA cells, subclusters 14 and 16 were identified as chief cells, subclusters 18 and 19 were identified as parietal cells, subcluster 9 was identified as endocrine cells, and other subclusters were identified as mucous cells. d t-SNE plot of expression levels of marker genes for 5 cell types. e Scale plot of epithelial cells from cancer tissues (n = 13). f Immunofluorescence plot of characteristic genes of selected cell types (n = 26). The gastric antrum mucus cells were stained with DAPI (blue), TTF1 (red) and MUC5AC (green). The gastric antrum basal gland mucus cells were stained with MUC6 (green), TTF2 (red), and DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 50 µm. g t-SNE plot of mucous cells from cancer tissues (n = 13) and para-cancerous tissues (n = 5) (coloured by tissue origin). h t-SNE plots of mucous cells of subclusters from cancer tissues (n = 13) and para-cancerous tissues (n = 5) (categorized by tissue origin and coloured by cell type). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.