Fig 1: Increased aging-related markers in aged HDFs. (A) SA-β-Gal-stained image. Bar = 50 μm. (B) Percentage of SA-β-Gal-positive cells. (C) Percentage of BrdU-FITC-positive cells determined using flow cytometry. (D) Comparison of relative gene expression of p16 and p21. *p < 0.05. (E) Comparison of protein expression of p16 and p21. (F) Immunostaining of p16 and p21. Bar = 50 μm. All results are expressed as mean ± SEM. All experiments were independently repeated in triplicate. NS: non-senescence.
Fig 2: BPTES treatment promotes the removal of skin senescent cells and cell proliferation from human skin grafts. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for p16 or Ki67 in tissue sections of human skin grafts from pre-transplanted aged human skin, treated with control (DMSO) or BPTES. Red: p16, Ki67; Blue: DAPI. The percentage of p16- or Ki67-positive dermal cells at a depth of 100 μm from the epidermal basement layer was counted with DAPI. All results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05. Bar = 100 μm. (B) Relative p16 and p21 mRNA levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR in skin sections of the indicated mice. *p < 0.05. (C) Western blot analysis of p16 and p21. (D) Quantitative analysis of western blot. Band densities normalized against endogenous control GAPDH are shown. *p < 0.05. Graph shows mean ± SEM of three independent experiments.
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