Fig 1: The expression of key leading-edge proteins in the DMM induced mouse model of OA. (A) Surgical approach to the right mouse knee joint with transection of the medial meniscotibial ligament. (B) Cartilage destruction was determined by safranin O staining and evaluated by OARSI grade. (C) representative three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction images of mouse knee joints showing abnormal growth of osteophytes.(n=11 per group). (D) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against NDRG2, WSB1, JMJD6, TSPYL2, HMGB2 and PPP1R15A in sham and DMM mouse model of OA. The right panels show the quantification of the immunohistochemical staining. The scale bar represents 50µm. MMLT, medial meniscotibial ligament; DMM, destabilization of the medial meniscus; Sham, sham surgery group; AP, Anteroposterior; Lat, lateral. OARSI grade data are expressed as the interquartile range (from the 25th to the 75th percentiles), with the centerline corresponding to the median. IHC quantification data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Mann–Whitney U test was used for OARSI grade statistical analysis; Student’s t test was used for IHC quantification statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Fig 2: The expression of key leading-edge proteins in the human knee cartilage samples. (A) Representative X-rays and intraoperative photographs of clinical cartilage samples (n=10). (B) Representative images of safranin O/fast green staining in smooth and damaged cartilage from human knee joints. (C) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against MMP13 and COL2A1 in smooth and damaged cartilage from human knee. (D) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against NDRG2, WSB1, JMJD6, TSPYL2, HMGB2 and PPP1R15A in smooth and damaged cartilage from human knee. The right panels show the quantification of the immunohistochemical staining. The scale bar represents 50µm. AP, Anteroposterior; Lat, lateral; S, smooth cartilage; D, damaged cartilage. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Fig 3: The expression of key leading-edge proteins in aged mouse model of OA. (A) Representative photograph of 3-month-old (n=12 per group) and 24-month-old mouse (n=14 per group). (B) Cartilage degeneration was determined by safranin O staining and evaluated by OARSI grade. (C) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against p16INK4a in 3-month-old and 24-month-old mouse. (D) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against NDRG2, WSB1, JMJD6, TSPYL2, HMGB2 and PPP1R15A in 3-month-old and 24-month-old mouse. The right panels show the quantification of the immunohistochemical staining. The scale bar represents 50µm. OARSI grade data are expressed as the interquartile range (from the 25th to the 75th percentiles), with the centerline corresponding to the median. IHC quantification data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Mann–Whitney U test was used for OARSI grade statistical analysis; Student’s t test was used for IHC quantification statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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