Fig 2: T cell cytokine production after re-stimulation with a mixture of peptides from membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and envelope (E) SARS-CoV-2 proteins.The total number of cytokine secreting cells was calculated as the sum of IFN-γ+TNF-α-, IFN-γ+TNF-α+, and IFN-γ-TNF-α+ cells gated as shown in (a) for CD4+ (b) and CD8+ (c) T cells. Data are from n = 32 biologically independent sample pairs from the ChAd/ChAd group and n = 55 biologically independent sample pairs from the ChAd/BNT group. Paired t-test (within groups) or 2-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test (between groups). Source data

Fig 3: Heterologous ChAd/BNT vaccination induces stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike T cell responses versus homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination.a, b, Boost vaccination increased total percentage of cytokine-secreting CD4+ (a) and CD8+ (b) T cells. We calculated the total number of cytokine-secreting cells as the sum of IFN-γ+TNF-α−, IFN-γ+TNF-α+ and IFN-γ−TNF-α+ cells in the gates indicated in Extended Data Fig. 7. Data are from n = 32 biologically independent samples from the ChAd/ChAd group and n = 55 biologically independent samples from the ChAd/BNT group. c, Increased percentage of double cytokine-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after the second vaccine dose. Data are from n = 32 biologically independent samples from the ChAd/ChAd group and n = 55 biologically independent samples from the ChAd/BNT group. d, IFN-γ and TNF-α concentration in full blood supernatants after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 S1 domain for 20–24 h measured in duplicate by LEGENDplex (BioLegend). Data are from n = 22 biologically independent samples from the ChAd/ChAd group and n = 37 biologically independent samples from the ChAd/BNT group. Statistics: a, b and d. Paired t-test (within groups) or two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test (between groups). Dots represent individual vaccinees. c: Data are represented as mean − s.d.Source data