Fig 1: LILRB1 and M2 TAMs determined poor prognosis in GC patients. (A, B) Overall survival curves according to the levels of LILRB1 and CD163 distribution in GC patients. (C, D) Overall survival of GC patients stratified on the basis of LILRB1 and CD163. (E, F) Recurrence curve according to the levels of LILRB1 and CD163 distribution. (G, H) Recurrence risk stratified on the basis of LILRB1 and CD163. ***P < 0.001.
Fig 2: M2 TAMs were the primary immune cells expressing LILRB1. (A) CIBERSORT was employed to assess the difference of 22 kinds of immune cells between LILRB1 high tumors and LILRB1 low tumors. (B) The correlation analysis between LILRB1 and 22 types of immune cells. (C, D) LILRB1 expression showed a positive correlation with M2 macrophages by IHC. (E) Immunofluorescence assay showed that LILRB1 was mainly expressed in M2 TAMs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. ns, no statistical significance.
Fig 3: LILRB1+ M2 TAMs exhibited an immunosuppressive phenotype. (A) GSEA suggested that the exhausted CD8+ T cells genes enriched in LILRB1+ M2 TAMs signature high GC patients. (B) Expression difference of effector molecules (CD107a, IL-17A) between LILRB1+ M2 TAMs high signature and low signature. (C) Expression of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, CTLA-4, HAVCR2, LAG-3, VTCN1, and CD276) in LILRB1+ M2 TAMs high and low expression subgroup. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, ns, no statistical significance.
Fig 4: LILRB1 was highly expressed in stroma of GC. (A) The expression of LILRB1 in GC tissues and adjacent tissues from First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (FHSYSU) cohort by IHC. (B) Box diagram showed that the count of LILRB1+ cells in GC was higher than that in gastric cancer tissues in FHSYSU cohort. (C, D) TCGA cohort and GSE29272 cohort showed higher LILRB1 expression in GC tissues than in normal gastric tissues. (E) LILRB1 was mainly distributed in the stroma of gastric cancer by tricolor immunofluorescence microscopy. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.
Fig 5: The correlation between LILRB1 and clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients. (A) LILRB1 expression in male patients was higher compared with female. (B, C) No significant correlation was established between LILRB1 and patients’ age or tumor grade. (D) Patients with large tumor size (>5 cm) had high-LILRB1 expression. (E) Patients with deep tumor invasion had high-LILRB1 expression. (F) Patients with lymph node metastasis had high-LILRB1 expression. (G) Higher proportion of LILRB1 was detected in stage III tumors than stage I-II tumors. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. ns, no statistical significance.
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