Fig 1: Lipopolysaccharide-EK (LPS-EK) decreases EV biogenesis in macrophages. RAW cells were incubated with LPS-EK for 6 h. Gene expression of EV of the biogenesis markers (A) phospho-1, (B) TNAP, and (C) SMPD3 was then quantified by RT-qPCR and normalized to that of the housekeeping gene ß-actin. (D) SMPD3 protein expression was studied by western blotting and normalized to that of the housekeeping gene ß-actin. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments performed in triplicate (n = 4). *p < 0.05 vs. CT, Mann-Whitney test. LPS 0.1: 0.1 µg/ml LPS-EK, LPS 1: 1 µg/ml LPS-EK.