Fig 2: Fc?RIIa activation and complement anaphylatoxins mediate platelet activation in COVID-19. (A) Heatmap of gMFI expression of CD62P, CD63, CD32 and C3aR on the surface of control platelets incubated with COVID-19 plasma (n=10 patients) in the presence or absence of neutralizing antibodies to Fc?RIIa, IL6, C3a and C5a, as indicated. (B) Boxplots of gMFI expression of CD63 on the surface of control platelets incubated with COVID-19 plasma (n=5 patients, depicted with distinct colors) with different combinations of neutralizing antibodies to Fc?RIIa, IL6, C3a and C5a, as indicated. (C) Boxplots of gMFI expression of CD63 on the surface of control platelets incubated with COVID-19 plasma (n = 9 patients, depicted with distinct colors) with different combinations of IgG depletion and neutralizing antibodies to C3a and C5a.

Fig 3: Glycerol Monolaurate inhibits BCR dependent and independent induced cytokine production. Primary human B cells were treated with 1, 10, or 20 ug/mL GML, or EtOH. Cells were stimulated overnight with 5 ug anti-IgM antibody and 20 ng soluble IL-4. Supernatants collected were analyzed via ELISA to determine levels (A) TNF-a and (B) IL-6. (C) Independent BCR induced IL-6 production was tested with the addition of a TLR7 agonist, R848. Data presented is normalized to the positive EtOH control, represented by the dotted line, and collected from 5 distinct donors. One-Sample T-test with theoretical value 1 was used to determine statistical significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Fig 4: Fc?RIIa activation and complement anaphylatoxins mediate platelet activation in COVID-19.A) Heatmap of gMFI expression of CD62P, CD63, CD32 and C3aR on the surface of control platelets incubated with COVID-19 plasma (n=10 patients) in the presence or absence of neutralizing antibodies to Fc?RIIa, IL6, C3a and C5a, as indicated. B) Boxplots of gMFI expression of CD63 on the surface of control platelets incubated with COVID-19 plasma (n=5 patients, depicted with distinct colors) with different combinations of neutralizing antibodies to Fc?RIIa, IL6, C3a and C5a, as indicated. C) Boxplots of gMFI expression of CD63 on the surface of control platelets incubated with COVID-19 plasma (n=9 patients, depicted with distinct colors) with different combinations of IgG depletion and neutralizing antibodies to C3a and C5a.