Fig 1: LCL-161 and birinapant reduce viability and number of differentiating OC.Human CD14+-monocytes were treated with LCL-161 or birinapant at indicated concentrations throughout OC differentiation, typically 10-15 days (A–E). Representative phase-contrast images of TRAP-stained human OC, with arrowheads indicating multinuclear TRAP+ cells. Frame in first column indicates cutout for detailed view. Bar is 150 µM (A). Fold change of TRAP+ multinuclear cells after birinapant and LCL-161 treatment with or without infliximab (0.1 µg/ml) (B). Mean and standard deviations (SD) from 5 donors are shown. Single asterisk denotes statistical significance as compared to the untreated control or between indicated groups, double asterisk denotes statistical significance as compared to control treated with infliximab (p < 0.05, One-way ANOVA). Representative fluorescent microscope images of CD51/61-stained human OC, with arrowheads indicating multinuclear CD51/61+ cells (C). Frame in first column indicates cutout for detailed view. Bar is 150 µM. Fold change of multinuclear CD51/61+ cells after birinapant and LCL-161 treatment (D). 5 donors, mean and SD is shown. Asterisk denotes statistical significance as compared to the untreated control (p < 0.05, One-way ANOVA). Viability at the time of TRAP+ quantification (E) shown as average and SD of 5 donors. Asterisk denotes statistical significance as compared to the untreated control (p < 0.05, One-way ANOVA). The viability of OC and M? on day 10 of differentiation (F, G) measured with the Cell Titer Proliferation assay. 8 donors, mean, and SD are shown. Asterisk denotes statistical significance between groups, double asterisk denotes statistical significance between indicated controls (F, G) (p < 0.05, One-way ANOVA).