Fig 1: The analysis of phospholipid composition, membrane fluidity, gene, and protein expressions in fibrotic liver tissues.(A) The composition of PC with different unsaturation degrees. (B) IHC of FABP1 at various time points of fibrosis (brown color). Scale bar, 100 µm. (C) Representative Laurdan images of membrane lipid order in fibrotic liver tissues at weeks 0, 2, and 12. Merged mean intensity and rainbow red-green-blue (RGB) pseudocolored generalized polarization (GP) images are shown. Red colors indicate high membrane order and less membrane fluidity, whereas blue colors indicate low membrane order and high membrane fluidity. Scale bar, 50 µm. (D) Distribution of the GP values in fibrotic liver tissues in (C). The histograms for fibrotic liver tissues at week 12 were shifted to high GP values. (E) IHC of GRP78 at various time points of fibrosis (brown color). Scale bar, 100 µm. (F) IHC of caspase-3 at various time points of fibrosis (brown color). Scale bar, 100 µm. (G) Reactome pathway–based gene set enrichment analysis showing pathways up-regulated at different time points of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis from three public transcriptomic datasets. Accession IDs of GSE214119, GSE207855, and GSE205540 represent CCl4-induced liver fibrosis at weeks 4, 6, and 8, respectively. Red colors indicate P value less than 0.05, whereas gray colors indicate P value greater than 0.05. caspase-3, cysteine-aspartic acid protease.