Fig 1: Association between PD-L2 expression and NPC patient survival. TMA analyses were conducted in a cohort of 557 NPC patients diagnosed at M0. A The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 68.7%. B The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 62.6%. C and D High PD-L2 expression levels in stromal tissues were significantly associated with OS (P = 0.002) and disease-free survival (P = 0.001) in all NPC patients. F High PD-L2 expression levels in tumor tissues were significantly associated with disease-free survival (P = 0.048), and there were no significant differences in five-year OS (P = 0.134) in all NPC patients (E).
Fig 2: Kaplan-Meier curves for PFS in patients with ER+ breast cancer by dichotomized median PD-L2 expression. The median PD-L2 expression was dichotomized in (A) cancer cells and in (B) stromal cells using the median of the distribution of cutpoints obtained in 500 bootstrap samples from the main analysis cohort. (C) The association between short PFS and high cancer cell PD-L2 levels was validated in the independent external cohort, (D) whereas the association between short PFS and high stromal cell PD-L2 levels did not validate. ER+, estrogen receptor–positive; PD-L2, programmed cell death-1 ligand-2; PFS, progression-free survival.
Fig 3: Selection of the cutoff score. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was employed to determine the cutoff score for the designation of “high expression” of PD-L2. The sensitivity and specificity for each outcome of PD-L2 membranous staining of stromal tissues were plotted: A T classification (AUC=0.607, P =0.001); B N classification (AUC=0.571, P =0.120); C Clinical stage (AUC=0.612, P =0.002); D Cancer progression (AUC=0.610, P=0.001); E Survival status (AUC=0.618, P=0.001).
Fig 4: Association between PD-L2 expression and NPC patient survival at different stages. A and B High PD-L2 expression in the stroma was significantly associated with OS (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (P = 0.001) in NPC patients at early stages (I-II). C and D No significant differences in five-year OS and DFS rates were found between groups with low and high expression of PD-L2 in tumor tissues of NPC patients at early stages (I-II). E and F No significant differences in five-year OS and DFS rates were found between groups with low and high expression of PD-L2 in NPC patients at late stages (III-IV). H High PD-L2 expression levels in tumor tissues were significantly associated with disease-free survival (P = 0.025), and there were no significant differences in five-year OS in all NPC patients (G).
Fig 5: Kaplan-Meier curves for PFS by dichotomized median cancer PD-L2 expression in patients with ER+ breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Univariate estimates of PFS curves. ER+, estrogen receptor–positive; PD-L2, programmed cell death-1 ligand-2; PFS, progression-free survival.
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