Fig 2: Primary biopsies of patients with r/r cHL. (A): The diversity of TME, hematoxylin and eosin staining; (B): CTLA-4 expression: left—CTLA-4 low, right—CTLA-4 high; (C): TIM-3 expression: left—TIM-3 low, right—TIM-3 high; (D): TIGIT expression: left—TIGIT low, right—TIGIT high; (E): LAG-3 expression: left—LAG-3 low, right—LAG-3 high; (F): CD163/c-maf expression: left—CD163/c-maf low, right—CD163/c-maf high. [Original magnification: (A) ×400; (B–F) ×200].

Fig 3: Immune checkpoint analysis in HCC implicates TIGIT–NECTIN2 interaction.a We examined the immune checkpoint interactions between lymphocytes and APCs (tumor cells and TAMs) and identified the prominent interaction via the TIGIT–NECTIN2 axis (circle size indicates the statistical significance and circle color indicates the level of interaction). The empirical P value was estimated by 1000 imputations. b The expression of TIGIT and NECTIN2 was respectively enriched in T cells and APCs. c Upregulation of NECTIN2 was detected in HCC tumors, as compared to non-tumorous livers in both in-house and TCGA datasets. Student’s t test (2-sided). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Fig 4: Representative immunohistochemical results of TIGIT in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). Neoplastic cells were arranged in a solid or trabecular architecture (A) (H&E, low magnification). About half of PDTC cells were positive for TIGIT in this area (upper and right) (B). TIGIT-positive area of PDTC (H&E, high magnification) (C). Cytoplasmic TIGIT reactivity was observed (D)

Fig 5: The relationship between PD-L1/TIM3 or PD-L1/TIGIT and CD8+ T cells. (A) The ratio of CD8+ T cells in different groups of PD-L1/TIM3 (upper panel) or PD-L1/TIGIT (bottom panel) in the training cohorts. The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells ratio in each patient was obtained from the TIMER database (http://cistrome.org/TIMER/). (B) Representative micrographs of CD8 protein expression within the tumor. (C) Evaluation of the relationship between PD-L1/TIM3 (left panel) or PD-L1/TIGIT (right panel) and CD8+ T cells by Cramer’s V of ?2 test in the validation cohort. PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; TIGIT, T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain; TIM3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3.