Fig 1: SARS-CoV-2 infected and replicated in the BMECs, and crossed the BBB in vitro. a Schematic diagram of in vitro BBB models. b–e Evaluation of in vitro BBB models, including b identification of primary hamster BMECs by immunofluorescent staining for CD31 and vWF, c immunofluorescent staining for GFAP and S100b, markers of astrocytes, the ability of AAV2 and AAV9 to cross the BBB models assessed by d viral RNA load in the medium from the bottom chamber and e transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in both primary BMECs from K18-hACE2 mice and hamster transwell cultures. f SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the medium from the bottom chamber quantified by qRT-PCR in BBB models using primary cell cultures from K18-hACE2 mice and hamsters. g Viral load in the medium of BMECs and Vero E6 cells quantified by qRT-PCR. h Representative images of SARS-CoV-2-S (S) in Vero E6 cells at 48 hpi detected by FISH. i Representative images of SARS-CoV-2-S (S) in BMECs at 48 hpi detected by FISH. j Percentage of SARS-CoV-2-S positive (S+) BMECs by FISH (n = 20 fields/group at ×200). k Representative ultrastructural images showing virus particles in the BMECs and Vero E6 cell. N = 3/group. Scale bars: b, d, h, i 100 µm; k 200 nm
Fig 2: Characterization of NPCs and GPCs: phase-contrast microscopy (a), immunocytochemistry for S100B (glial marker) and βIII tubulin (neuronal marker) (b). Scale bar, 100 µm.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Anti-S100 beta antibody [S100B/1012]