Fig 2: Presence of microglia in Day 160 MCOs determined by microglia-specific marker TMEM119 (A) and IBa1 (B). Neural stem/progenitor cells were labelled with anti-Sox2 (A) and anti-Nestin (B) antibodies. Hoechst was used as a nuclear marker. NC, necrotic center. Panels (A1) and (B1) are the split channels for corresponding (A) and (B).

Fig 3: Characterization of cell types in mature MCOs. At day 100 post-EB formation, multiple cell types can be detected by multi-labeled immunofluorescent confocal image analysis with three colors (A) and four colors (B), including NSCs (Nestin +/GFAP+ or Sox2+/GFAP +, arrows), NPCs (Nestin+ or Sox2+ but GFAP−), astrocytes (GFAP+), and microglia-like cells (TMEM119+). Hoechst was used as a nuclear marker. NC, necrotic center. Panels (A1) and (B1) are the insets from corresponding (A) and (B). Panels (A2/A3) and (B2/B3) represent split single or double channels, respectively to (A1) and (B1).

Fig 4: Characterization of total TEVs and BCDEVs isolated from human plasma. (A) Representative TEM images of TEVs isolated from human plasma. Exosomes are indicated by red arrows. Scale bar = 200 nm. (B) NTA of TEs. (C) Western blot of the common exosome marker ALIX and VDBP in TEVs. (D) Representative TEM of MDEVs. The exosome is indicated by red arrows. Scale bar = 200 nm. (E) NTA showing the size and distribution of MDEVs. (F) Western blot of the common exosome marker ALIX and VDBP in MDEVs. (G) Western blot showed that the microglia marker TMEM119 was selectively expressed in MDEVs. (H) Representative TEM of NDEVs. The exosome is indicated by a red arrow. Scale bar = 200 nm. (I) NTA showing the size and distribution of NDEVs. (J) Western blot identifying the common exosome marker ALIX and VDBP in NDEVs. (K) Western blot showing the neuron marker L1CAM selectively expressed in NDEVs. (L) Representative TEM of ADEVs. Exosomes are indicated by red arrows. Scale bar = 200 nm. (M) NTA showing the sizes and distribution of ADEVs. (N) Western blot identifying the common exosome marker ALIX and VDBP in ADEVs. (O) Western blot showing the astrocyte marker GLAST selectively expressed in ADEVs.