Fig 2: Identification of human MSCs. Representative fluorescence images of CD90-/CD44-positive and CD45-/CD34-negative MSCs. Scale bar, 200 µm. CD90, red; CD44, green; DAPI, blue. MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells.

Fig 3: Detection results of ADSCs, apoptosis and proliferation in aorta. ADSCs locating staining using CD73 and CD90 showed that they mainly existed in the atheromatous plaque of the aorta (Black arrow), bar = 50 µm. Apoptosis (TUNEL assay) of arterial cells decreased, and expression levels of the cell proliferation molecule Ki67 and EC marker antigen CD31 increased in the T group compared to those in the model group, respectively (the areas of atherosclerotic plaque were circled with dashed lines), bar = 100 µm (n = 5–6 in each group). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Fig 4: RGS12 expression and ciliogenesis increased in the synovial fibroblasts from inflammatory arthritis mice(A–C) CAIA mouse models were induced in C57BL/6 mice by injecting 5 mg mAb mixture for 9 days (Chondrex #53100). (A) Photographs of representative hind-paws from the control (Ctrl) and CAIA mouse models. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of synovial tissues from Ctrl and CAIA mice. B, bone area; S, synovium. Scale bar, 200 µm. (C) Synovitis score and cartilage damage score were evaluated in (B). The data are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (n = 10; ***p < 0.001). (D) THY1 and RGS12 showed colocalization in synovium from the Ctrl and CAIA mice. White arrows indicated the RGS12 in THY1+ cells. Scale bar, 25 µm. The quantitative data of the relative intensity of RGS12 (top) and the relative intensity of RGS12 per THY1+ cell (bottom). The data are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (n = 5; ***p < 0.001). (E) The primary cilia of synovial fibroblasts from Ctrl and CAIA mice were stained by immunofluorescent assay (green, Ac-Tubulin; red, ARL13b; blue, THY1; scale bar, 10 µm). The quantitative data showed the cilia length (n = 10; ***p < 0.001).