Fig 2: Injury-induced changes in the localization of Lyve1hiFolr2hi macrophages based on Lyve1 expression. (A) IHC showing Lyve1 and Trem2 expression in macrophages at D0, D7 and D30 (20× magnification; scale bar = 200μm), and a closer view of the images for (B) D0, (C) D7 and (D) D30 matching to the highlighted boxes in A (scale bar = 25μm). The Lyve1+ macrophages were primarily observed at the synovial lining at D0. The lining of Lyve1+ macrophages was disrupted after injury and these cells started to infiltrate the synovial membrane. Ca, cartilage; Syn, synovium.

Fig 3: Pseudo-time differentiation trajectory analysis of monocytes and macrophages from D0-D30. (A) The relative position of cells across the pseudo-time differentiation trajectory is depicted. Each point is a cell and is colored according to its cluster identity. Cells along the trajectory were divided into six groupings based on experimental timepoints (D0-D30). An expansion of Trem2hiFcrls+ population in monocytes → macrophage direction was observed after injury, primarily at D1 and D3 (indicated by arrows). (B) Expression of monocyte and macrophage markers on a pseudo-time scale (each point represents a cell and is colored based on cluster identities in panel (A)). Monocyte markers were highly expressed at the beginning of the differentiation trajectory while Mrc1 and Lyve1 had the highest expression towards the end. (C) Superimposition of the expression of selected genes on the pseudo-time trajectory. Each point is a cell and is colored according to its pseudo-time value. Circle size represents the gene expression level. Expansion of cell populations expressing high levels of Adgre1, Trem2 and Mrc1 in the monocyte → macrophage direction was observed after injury (indicated by arrows). (D) Average expression of monocyte and macrophage markers in Trem2hiFcrlshi cluster. (E) Violin plots showing elevated Il1b and Ptgs2 expression in MHC IIhi macrophages (cluster 3). MHC IIhi macrophages and monocytes/moDCs expressed higher levels of Il1b and Ptgs2 compared to other macrophage clusters, including Trem2hiFcrls+ and Lyve1+ macrophages. (F) Plots showing pseudo-time-ordered expression of selected transcription factors (cells are colored based on cluster identities in panel (A)).

Fig 4: Characterization of Lyve1hiFolr2hi macrophages. (A) Dot plot showing enrichment of growth factors in Lyve1hiFolr2hi macrophages (yellow box). Dot size represents the fraction of cells expressing a specific gene while the intensity of color indicates the average expression level for each gene. (B) Violin plot showing the expression of Ccr2 in various monocyte/macrophage subtypes. Lyve1+ macrophages showed significantly lower Ccr2 expression. (C) IHC analysis of Lyve1+ macrophages at D0 (10× magnification; scale bar = 200μm). Lyve1+ macrophages were primarily present at the synovial lining at D0. B: bone; Ca: cartilage; Syn: synovium. (D) Co-expression of Lyve1 and CD206 at the synovial lining at D0 (40× magnification; scale bar = 100μm). (E) Growth factor receptor expression in connective tissue-forming cells from the joint. Dot size represents the fraction of cells expressing each gene (grey: low expression; red: high expression). (F) Genes upregulated in Lyve1hiFolr2hi macrophages after injury. Dot size represents the fraction of cells expressing each gene (grey: low expression; green: high expression). (G) UMAP plot showing 3 subtypes of Lyve1hiFolr2hi macrophages. (H) Feature plots showing the expression of Folr2 and markers of various subtypes of Lyve1hiFolr2hi macrophages.

Fig 5: MIR503HG suppressed lymphatic metastasis through altering VEGFC in pRCC. a. Nude mice were orthotopically xenografted with PBS or VEGFC neutralizing antibody. LNs and primary tumor tissues were detected by bioluminescent imaging, tumor samples were enucleated and analyzed by HE staining. b-c. Metastasis diagrams of mice in the indicated groups were shown. d. Representative images and histogram analysis of LYVE‐1‐indicated lymphatic vessel density in primary tumor tissues of differently treated mice from the IHC analysis. Scale bars: 100 μm. e. Representative images and quantification of tube formation and transwell-migration for differently treated groups. Scale bars: 50 μm. The statistical difference was assessed through one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test in d and e. Error bars show the standard deviation (SD) from at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.