Fig 1: AVP and its receptors in the cerebral cortex. a AVP expression was mainly found in layers II and III. The expression was observed in the cell soma, often visualized as positive grains in the cytoplasm. The neuronal processes showed very limited or no immunoreactivity. No AVP immunoreactivity was detected in cortical layer I, where there were few neuronal cell somas. b V1bR immunoreactivity was observed mainly in layer III. The expression was displayed in the neuronal cytoplasm. No staining was found in the fibers
Fig 2: AVP in the ventral hippocampal commissure (vhc). The fiber region closely related to hippocampus, the ventral hippocampal commissure (vhc), showed vasopressin expression in the fibers in a pearl-like pattern
Fig 3: AVP and its receptors in the hippocampus. a AVP expression was found in the hippocampus area CA3. The different neurons in CA3 were AVP immunoreactive; however the cells displayed different immunoreactive intensity (right column). The pyramidal cell displayed more intensity than the smaller neurons. In addition, some fibers expressed AVP. b and c The receptors were expressed in a similar manner in the CA1 hippocampal region and in the neuronal cytoplasm
Fig 4: AVP and its receptors in the Islands of Calleja (ICj). We found AVP immunoreactive neurons in this area
Fig 5: a Comparison of CGRP, OT/OTR, ERα, AVP and V1bR with migraine-related regions. b Distribution of AVP and its receptors
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