Fig 1: Dysregulated expression of key NF?B-targets in the small intestine of naïve and TNF-injected mice. C57BL/6J and Il10-/- mice were sacrificed at rest or following i.p. injection with recombinant murine TNF (0.33 mg/kg body weight). Tissue was dissected and processed for gene and protein expression analyses. (A) Expression of NF?B-target genes at rest in Il10-/- intestinal tissue (white bars) as assessed by qPCR. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, expressed as fold change to C57BL/6J (both N = 3 mice; significant difference compared to C57BL/6J, * p < 0.05 Kruskal–Wallis test). (B) Dysregulated A20 and I?Ba protein expression in resting small intestine of Il10-deficient mice (as assessed by immunohistochemistry of 4% w/v paraformaldehyde-fixed, 4 µm microtomy tissue sections). Representative images from N = 6 mice; bar =100µm). (C) NF?B-target gene expression 1.5 h post-TNF injection of Il10-/- (white bars) compared to injected C57BL/6J mice (black bars); each N = 3 mice, with significant differences compared to non-injected controls ** p < 0.01, and to TNF-injected C57BL6/J # p < 0.01 (Kruskal–Wallis test). Intestinal tissue levels of (D) I?Ba and (E) A20, expressed as relative fold change to respective genotype controls (N = 3 for all groups). There are significant differences compared to C57BL/6J * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; and TNF-injected controls, ### p < 0.001 (ANOVA).