Fig 1: Higher expression levels of IL-1 and IL-6 cytokines and chemoattractant GRO in FI-RSV vaccinated cotton rats. Detection of pulmonary interleukin-1 (A) and interleukin-6 (B) was conducted using immunohistochemistry. For each section 15 fields of view were counted for positively stained cells in the alveoli (40× magnification). Black arrows indicate the positive staining by diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate. The percentages of total area stained as well as the percentages of positive cells for each cytokine were calculated using one-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (n = 6). Gene expression of GRO (C) in the lungs was normalized to ß-actin and fold change was expressed over the PBS group using the ??Ct method. Statistical differences in fold change were calculated using one-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (n = 6).