Fig 2: p-aSyn deposits in macrophages and adrenergic sympathetic fibers in skin specimens from IPD patients. IF images of dermal p-aSyn (red) and Iba1 (green)-positive macrophages in the dermis of IPD patients and CNs (A and C). IF images of dermal p-aSyn (red) and DBH-ir positive vasomotor fibers (green) around blood vessels in the dermis of IPD patients and CNs (B). IF images of dermal p-aSyn (red) and dermal CD163, another marker of macrophages, (green)-positive macrophages in the dermis of IPD patients and CNs (D). IF images of dermal p-aSyn (red) and p62/SQSTM1, cytoplasmic proteins associated with autophagy, (green)-positive deposits in the dermis of IPD patients and CNs (E). IF images (high magnification) show Iba1-ir positive macrophages with p-aSyn deposits (A) and DBH-ir adrenergic nerve fibers with p-aSyn deposits around blood vessels (B) in the dermis of IPD patients but not CNs. IF images (low magnification) show that Iba1-ir positive macrophages with p-aSyn deposits were found diffusely in the dermis of IPD patients but not CNs (C). IF images (high magnification) show CD163-ir positive macrophages with p-aSyn deposits in the dermis of IPD patients but not CNs. (D). IF images (high magnification) show p-aSyn-ir positive deposits were colocalized with p62/SQSTM1 in the dermis of IPD patients but not CNs (E). Scale bars: 20 µm (A–E). IPD, idiopathic Parkinson's disease; IF, immunofluorescence; CNs, controls; DBH, dopamine beta hydroxylase; p-aSyn, phosphorylated alpha-synuclein. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Fig 3: Sympathetic nerve structures in different omental milky spots. Each image contains an inlay with an overview image of the omental milky spot (OMS) and its surroundings. TH-IR structures are stained pink (indicated with black arrowheads) and cell nuclei are stained dark blue. (a) OMS of a male cadaver of 94 years of age. TH-immune reactive (IR) structures can be observed as discrete structures or in close proximity to immune cells. (b) OMS of a male cadaver of 94 years of age. An elongated TH-IR structure (encircled), with a dotted appearance, most likely representing varicosities, is present in close proximity to immune cells of the OMS. (c) OMS with a high cell density of a female cadaver of 84 years of age. Many vascular structures can be observed within the OMS (asterisk). TH-IR structures were observed primarily in close proximity to immune cells. (d) OMS of a female cadaver of 84 years of age. Few TH-IR structures can be observed, in close proximity to lymphocytes. (e) MS of a male cadaver of 88 years of age. TH-IR structures were observed in relation to a blood vessel, but small TH-IR structures were in close proximity to immune cells as well. (f) The same OMS as in (e) but stained for DBH. Staining patterns of (e) and (f) are comparable, supporting the fact that TH-IR structures represent sympathetic nerve tissue.