Fig 1: ECM1-a6ß4-ABCG1 axis is enriched in the S/TB region of the lungs in patients with pneumonia.IF analysis of GPRC5A, SPA/ABCG1, a6/ß4, a6/ECM1 and ß4/ECM1 in normal or pneumonic lung tissue samples (a) and the calculation of positive or dual-positive cells in the S/TB region (b), (Bar = 100 µm); c Graphical abstract of the study: GPRC5A deficiency promotes the activation of NF-kB and subsequent expression and secretion of ECM1; the secreted ECM1 interacts with a6ß4 of AT2 cells and induces the activation of NF-kB, which induces the expression of ABCG1. AT2 cells with ABCG1 expression are one of the originating cell populations of lung cancer. Data were collected from three independent experiments with triplicate samples. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
Fig 2: Small interfering-RXR reverses the effects of miR-146a-5p on inflammation and ABCG1 in an in vitro model of refractory Mycoplasma pneu- moniae pneumonia. (A-D) Densitometry analysis of RXR, LXR, p65 and ABCG1 protein expression following western blotting. (E) Western blot gel. (F) TNF-α, (G) IL-1β, (H) IL-6, (I) IL-18, (J) COX-2 and (K) iNOS levels. **P<0.01 vs. negative group; ##P<0.01 vs. anti-146a-5p group. ABCG1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; miR, microRNA; IRAK-1, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1; LXR, liver X receptor; RXR, retinoid X receptor; negative, negative mimics group; anti-146a-5p, downregulation of miR-146a-5p expression group; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.
Fig 3: Si-IRAK-1 reverses the effects of anti-miR-146a-5p on inflammation and ABCG1 in an in vitro model of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. (A-E) Densitometry analysis of IRAK-1, RXR, LXR, p65 and ABCG1 protein expression following western blotting. (F) Western blot gel. (G) TNF-a, (H) IL-1ß, (I) IL-6, (J) IL-18, (K) COX-2 and (L) iNOS levels. **P<0.01 vs. negative group; ##P<0.01 vs. anti-146a-5p group. ABCG1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IRAK-1, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1; LXR, liver X receptor; RXR, retinoid X receptor; negative, negative mimics group; anti-146a-5p, downregulation of microRNA-146a-5p expression group; Si, small interfering RNA; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-a.
Fig 4: MicroRNA-146a-5p regulates ABCG1/IRAK-1 protein expression in an in vitro model of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. (A-E) Densitometry analysis IRAK-1, RXR, LXR, p65 and ABCG1 protein expression following western blotting. (F) Western blot gel. **P<0.01 vs. negative group. ABCG1, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1; IRAK-1, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1; LXR, liver X receptor; RXR, retinoid X receptor; negative, negative mimics group; anti-146a-5p, downregulation of microRNA-146a-5p expression group.
Fig 5: ATP7A mediated the miR-495-induced inhibition of angiogenesis in esophageal cancer cells. (A) Recovery of the angiogenic capabilities of HUVECs cocultured with cisplatin-resistant esophageal cancer cells overexpressing miR-495 as result of ATP7A overexpression. HUVEC angiogenesis was evaluated by the tube formation assay. (B,C) Levels of angiogenic factors in the culture media of cisplatin-resistant Eca-109 and TE1 cells overexpressing miR-495 and the ATP7A gene. ELISA methods were used to analyze the TNF-α (B) and VEGF (C) levels in cell culture media. (D) The levels of MRP1, ABCG1, ABCA1, VEGF, and C-Cas3 proteins in cisplatin-resistant esophageal cancer cells as altered by miR-495 and ATP7A overexpression. (E) The recovered expression of NLRP3 protein in cisplatin-resistant esophageal cancer cells transfected with miR-495 mimics and overexpressing ATP7A. NLRP3 protein expression in esophageal cancer cells was measured by immunofluorescence. Abbreviations: NC, negative control; ATP7A, ATPase copper transporting alpha; DDP, cisplatin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; MRP1, multidrug resistance protein 1; ABCG1, ATP-binding cassette transporter-G1; ABCA1, ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1; C-Cas 3, cleaved Caspase-3; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; NLRP3, NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; *P < .05; **P < .01.
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