Fig 2: NPCs of Lpar1-/- mice exhibit elongated cilia and decreased cell division.a, b VZ/SVZ cells in Lpar1-/- mice exhibit a lower mitotic index. a Representative images of mitotic cells stained with phosphorylated histone 3 (p-H3, green) and DNA (blue) in E14.5 Lpar1+/+ and Lpar1-/- mice cortices. Scale bar, 20 µm. b The percentage of p-H3-positive cells from VZ/SVZ cells in a, n = 8 sections from four mice. c Representative images of E14.5 Lpar1+/+ and Lpar1-/- cortices subjected to dual pulse-chase labeling of BrdU (green) and EdU (red). The pulse-chase timing is shown on the top. Scale bar, 20 µm. d Quantification of the ratio of EdU+ cells in VZ/SVZ (top) and the ratio of BrdU+ EdU+ to BrdU+ cells in VZ/SVZ (down), n = 8 sections from four mice. e Lpar1-/- RG cells possess longer cilia than Lpar1+/+. Lpar1+/+ and Lpar1-/- cortices section at P0 were stained with cilia marker (ARL13B, green) and DNA (blue). Scale bar, 5 µm (main image) and 1 µm (magnified region). f Quantification of the cilium length in e, Lpar1+/+? n = 179 cilia from four mice, Lpar1-/-? n = 149 cilia from four mice. g, h Quantification of cilium length (g) or percentage of Ki67+ cells (h) in Sox2-positive RG cells. Isolated cells from Lpar1+/+ cerebral cortex were treated with 2 µM tubacin or DMSO for 72 h, and isolated cells from Lpar1-/- cerebral cortex were infected with lentivirus expressed GFP or GFP-Lpar1 with or without 2 µM tubacin treatment for 72 h. g From left to right, n = 95, 164, 103, 111 cilia from four experiments. h n = 10 mice from four experiments. i qPCR analyzed the transcriptional levels of Aurora A, Ctgf, Yap and Taz in E14.5 Lpar1+/+ and Lpar1-/- mice cortices. j Representative images of E14.5 Lpar1+/+ and Lpar1-/- cortices stained with YAP (green) and PAX6 (red). Scale bars, 20 µm (main image) and 5 µm (magnified region). k Quantification of the percentage of PAX6+ cells with nuclear YAP in VZ. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Four experiments were repeated independently with similar results in a, c, e, and j. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. in b, d, f, g, h, i, and k. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Two-tailed Student’s t-test in b, d, f, i, and k; One-way ANOVA test was performed followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons in g and h.