Fig 2: Curcumin protects hyperandrogen-induced apoptosis in ovarian GCs in PCOS rats by inhibiting the IRE1a-XBP1 pathway and activating the PI3K/AKT signal. DHT/TM-induced GCs were treated with curcumin, 4u8c, LY294002, and 740-YP with or without DHT. (a) GCs were incubated with Annexin V-FITC and PI. The cells were imaged for apoptosis detection using a FV3000 Olympus microscope. (b, c) Apoptosis protein expression of cleaved-caspase-3 was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining (60x) and quantified using ImageJ software. (d, e) The expression of casapase-12, caspase-9, and Bax was assessed by the western blot assay. Three independent experiments were performed with similar results. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. **p < 0.05.

Fig 3: Effects of RES on caspase-3 (B), Bax (C) and Bcl-2 (D) in liver of iron-overload mice.Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). **P < 0.01 versus control group, #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus iron overload group.

Fig 4: Inhibition of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) activity suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in cisplatin-induced renal proximal tubule HK-2 cells. A, HK-2 cells were treated with FABP4i, subjected to Annexin V/PI staining and then analysed the apoptosis by flow cytometry. B, The protein expression of FABP4 in HK-2 cells as measured by immunoblot analysis. C, The protein expression of CHOP, BCL-2, BAX and cleaved caspase 3 in HK-2 cells. D, The protein expression of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2a/eIF2a and ATF4 in HK-2 cells as measured by immunoblot analysis

Fig 5: Effect of PAE on the antioxidant ability of the intestine and liver in diquat-treated mice: (A) Analysis of oxidative stress parameters (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA) in the intestine (n = 8); (B) analysis of oxidative stress parameters (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA) in the liver (n = 8); (C) analysis of the relative protein expression level (Nrf2 and caspase-3) in the intestine (n = 3); (D) analysis of the relative protein expression level (Nrf2 and caspase-3) in liver (n = 3). All data were represented as means ± SD. ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 as compared with control group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 as compared with the diquat group.