Fig 2: Heat map of top 100 genes induced or repressed in GNG7 high‐expression and GNG7 low‐expression ccRCC patient groups. Patient information was download from TCGA database (September 10, 2018), and separated into GNG7 high‐expression group (25% of 611 patients) and GNG7 low‐expression group (25% of 611 patients). For each group, 50 significantly changed genes were reported and represented by heat map. Range of colors (red, pink, light blue, dark blue) shows the range of expression values (high, moderate, low, lowest, respectively). ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Fig 3: Kaplan‐Meier survival curve for four hub genes associated with ccRCC overall survival. Overall survival of GNG2 (a), GNG7 (b), KNG1 (c), and GNB4 (d) were performed by using UALCAN online platform. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Fig 4: The four Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results of significantly altered cell signaling pathways is response to decreased GNG7 expression. Information of 611 ccRCC patients was download from TCGA database (September 10, 2018), and separated into GNG7 high‐expression group (25% of 611 patients) and GNG7 low‐expression group (25% of 611 patients). The data from the two groups were submitted to GSEA, and the effect on 50 hallmark gene sets was analyzed for each group. (a) “hallmark_E2F_targets,” (b) “hallmark_G2M_ckeckpoint,” (c) “hallmark_MYC_targets_v1,” and (d) “hallmark_MTORC1_signaling”. ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Fig 5: Expression of GNG7 related to clinical features according to patients’ clinicopathological characteristics. (a) The mutation in GNG7 gene in ccRCC patient genome was analyzed in three cohorts using the cBioPortal online platform. (b) GNG7 gene promoter methylation information in 293 ccRCC patients was obtained from MethHC web resource by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. UALCAN online platform analysis of normal versus primary tumor of GNG7 (c), and association between the expression of GNG7 and tumor grade (d), and tumor stage (e) were also performed. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]