Fig 2: Effects of CDK1, CCNB2, and CDC25A expression on proliferation of LUAD cell lines in vitro. a Expression of CDK1, CCNB2, and CDC25A in LUAD cell lines A549, PC9, and H2030. b Using siRNA, CDK1, CCNB2, and CDC25A were knocked down in LUAD cell lines. c, d Colony formation assays (c) and CCK-8 assays (d) were used to detect the effects of CDK1, CCNB2, and CDC25A knockdown on the proliferation of LUAD cell lines

Fig 3: Effects of CDK1, CCNB2, and CDC25A expression on the growth of LUAD organoids. a Two LUAD-derived organoids LUAD-1 and LUAD-2 were successfully constructed. b H&E staining of LUAD tissues and derived organoids. IHC analysis of CK5/CK6, CK7, and TTF1 expression in LUAD-1 and LUAD-2 organoids. c Expression of CDK1, CCNB2, and CDC25A in lung organoid and LUAD organoids by Western blot analysis. d By siRNA transfection, the expression of CDK1, CCNB2, and CDC25A was knocked down in LUAD-1 organoids. e, f The effects of CDK1, CCNB2, and CDC25A knockdown on the growth of LUAD organoids observed under a microscope (e) and using CCK-8 assays (f)

Fig 4: Identification of hub genes involved in LUAD and LUSC carcinogenesis and development. a, b Using the transcriptome data of LUAD (a n = 525) and LUSC (b n = 501) in the TCGA database, gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify 5 overlapping hub genes from the aforementioned 21 overlapping genes: RAD51, CDK1, CCNB2, CDC25A, and GTSE1. c, d Univariate prognostic analysis of the aforementioned 21 genes in LUAD (c) and LUSC (d)