Fig 1: Intragingival injection of exosomes promotes paracrine senescence in gingival tissues (A) Representative confocal microscopy images showing SA-B-gal expression in the gingiva (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue) for nuclei. (B) Quantification of SA-B-gal expression plotted as % area of SA-B-gal+cells using image J software (N=4 per group, multiple random images were taken per slide). (C) Immune fluorescence confocal microscopy of SA-B-gal (green) expression in keratinocytes labeled with Cytokeratin 14 (red) in the gingiva of mice injected with PgDCexo. In gingiva, PgDCexo induce increase in gingiva of: (D) mRNA relative gene expression (relative to no exo control group) of p16 INK4A and p21Waf1/Clip1 by qPCR analysis (N=6 per group, gingival tissues pooled and n=6 technical replicates) (E) protein expression of IL-1b and TNFa by FACS analysis (Scattergrams shown in S2) (N=6 per group, gingival tissues pooled and n=3 technical replicates). One way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc multiple comparison test used (*p<0.05, **p<0.001, ***p<0.0001) ImDCexo = exo from un-infected immature DCs (control), PgDCexo= exo from DCs infected with Pg.