Fig 2: AET inhibited ER stress and cell apoptosis in the infarcted heart. A and B, Expression of GRP78, CHOP, JNK and caspase12 in the heart was examined with Western blotting; C, Cell apoptosis in the heart was detected by TUNEL staining (green), the nuclei were labeled by DAPI (blue). D, Analysis of the percentages of TUNEL-positive cells in each group. Values were expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5, Scale bar = 50 µm.

Fig 3: Kidney morphology and stress markers. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining, (B) glomerular area, (C) urinary space size, (D) glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness, (E) mesangial area size, immunoblot of (F) GRP78 and TNF-a protein abundance, densitometric analysis of (G) GRP78, and (H) TNF-a protein abundance in kidneys of mice fed with Control diet (Control), high-fat diet (HF), or HF diet containing 0.1% methyl gallate (HF 0.1 MG), 10% Vachellia farnesiana pods (HF 10 VFP), 0.5% (HF 0.5 VFPE), 1% (HF 1 VFPE), or 2% (HF 2 VFPE) of a phenolic extract obtained from Vachellia farnesiana pods. Results are presented as the mean ± S.E.M., n = 6 mice per group, and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison post hoc tests. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Mean values with different lowercase letters show statistical differences between each other. Digital photographs were taken from each section at 20×.