Fig 1: Effector CD4 T Cells constitutively express IL-1R and require IL-1R signaling for cytokine production. a, b Splenic CD4 T cells were gated on naive (Tnaive) and memory (Tem) T cell markers and stained for a IL-6Ra, IL-4Ra and IL-12Rb1 b IL-1R1, IL-18Ra and IL-33R (ST2). c Relative expression of Il1r1 transcripts in Tnaive and Tem cells. Data is normalized to 18s. d-f Tem cells were stimulated with splenic DCs and soluble aCD3 (30 ng ml-1) in the presence or absence of IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) for 48 h d IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, e IL-13, IL-4, IL-5, and f IFN? were measured. g CD4 T cells from SI-LP were stained for IL-1R1. h CD4 T cells from SI-LP were stimulated using CD11C + DCs and soluble aCD3 (30 ng ml-1) in the presence or absence of IL-1Ra for 48 h followed by cytokine ELISA. i IL-17A, IL-13 and IFN? levels in supernatants obtained from Tem cell co-cultures with WT or Il1r-/-CD11c + splenic DCs in the presence of aCD3 (30 ng ml-1) after 48 h of stimulation. Control in receptor staining refers to fluorescence minus one control. IL-17A, IL-13 and IFN? in the culture supernatants were measured using paired-antibody ELISA. Error bars indicate SEM; paired t test, c–f, h, i 4–8 mice were pooled per experiment