Fig 2: (A) Representative Western blots of Dexras1, MBP, CNPase, NG2, GFAP, and Iba1 expression in each group (sham, SAH+LV-scramble, SAH+LV-Dexras1+ and the SAH+LV-Dexras1- with different concentrations of viral vector); (B–G) Western blot semi-quantitative analysis. Results are expressed as percentages in relation to ß-actin levels. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001); (H) the loss of myelin sheaths in SAH+LV-Scramble, SAH +LV-Dexras1+ and SAH +LV-Dexras1- rats was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Demyelination (red arrow) and disordered axonal structure and damage (yellow arrow) were found. Scale bar = 1 µm (n = 3 for electron microscopy analysis). (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01); (I) histological fluorescent staining for CNPase and NG2 in the cortex of SAH+LV-Scramble, SAH +LV-Dexras1+ and SAH +LV-Dexras1- rats; NG2 (labels oligodendrocyte precursor cells, red), DAPI (labels nucleus, blue), CNPase (labels mature oligodendrocyte cells, green). Scale bar = 25 µm. (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001); (J) histological fluorescence staining of GFAP and MBP in the cortex of the SAH+LV-Scramble group, SAH+LV-Dexras1+, and SAH+LV-Dexras1- group. GFAP (labels astrocytes, red), DAPI (labels nucleus, blue), MBP (labels myelin, green) (n = 3), detected by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bars: ea = 25 µm. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001); (K) histological fluorescent staining for Iba-1 in the cortex of the SAH+LV-Scramble group, SAH+LV-Dexras1+, and SAH+LV-Dexras1- group; Iba-1 (labels microglia, green), DAPI (labels nucleus, blue); detected by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bars: ea = 25 µm. (* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001); (L,M) representative ELISA of TNF-a and IL-1ß. (*** p < 0.001).

Fig 3: (A) Representative Western blots of Dexras1, CREB, and pCREB expression after in vitro subarachnoid hemorrhage with the activation by different 8-Bromo-cAMP sodium salts; (B) Western blot analysis of Dexras1, CREB, and pCREB. Results are percentages relative to ß-actin levels. (* p < 0.05); (C) the results of ELISA used to detect IL-1ß and TNF-a levels, (** p < 0.01); (D) immunofluorescence detection of oligodendrocyte precursor cell line differentiation after in vitro subarachnoid hemorrhage in each group, co-culture of SAH+8-Bromo-cAMP group neurons and oligodendrocyte cells treated with IGF-1 (a), co-culture of SAH+8BMP+Dexras1+group neurons and oligodendrocyte cells treated with IGF-1 (b), co-culture of SAH+8-Bromo-cAMP+Dexras1-group neurons and oligodendrocyte cells treated with IGF-1 (c), OPCs (NG2, red), OLGs (CNPase, green). Scale bars: ea = 25 µm. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01); (E) representative Western blots of Dexras1, CREB, and pCREB after 8-Bromo-cAMP sodium salt treatment combined with Dexras1 overexpression or knockdown after subarachnoid hemorrhage in vitro; (F) Western blot semi-quantitative analysis of Dexras1, CREB, and pCRE. Results are percentages relative to ß-actin levels. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001) (G). ELISA results show IL-1ß and TNF-a levels. (** p < 0.01).

Fig 4: (A) Immunofluorescence detection of oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation after in vitro subarachnoid hemorrhage, serum-free culture of oligodendrocyte cell line (a), IGF-1 and serum-free medium promote oligodendrocyte cell line differentiation (b), co-culture of sham group neurons and oligodendrocyte cell line treated with IGF-1 (c), co-culture of SAH group neurons and oligodendrocyte cell line treated with IGF-1 (d). OPCs (NG2, red), OLGs (CNPase, green). Scale bars ea = 25 µm. (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001); (B) protein expression of NG2 and CNPase after 24 h in vitro co-culture with oligodendrocyte cell treated with IGF-1; (C) NG2 and CNPase protein quantification via Fusion (fx 7 Spectra, Vilber, France). Data are given as percentages relative to the ß-actin level. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001); (D) immunofluorescence detection of oligodendrocyte precursor cell line differentiation in vitro IGF-1 and serum-free medium with SAH, SAH+LV-Scramble, SAH+LV-Dexras1+, and SAH+LV-Dexras1- rats. Co-culture of SAH group neurons and oligodendrocyte cells treated with IGF-1 (a), co-culture of SAH+LV-Scramble group neurons and oligodendrocyte cells treated with IGF-1 (b), co-culture of SAH+LV-Dexras1+ group neurons and oligodendrocyte cell line treated with IGF-1 (c), co-culture of SAH+LV-Dexras1- group neurons and oligodendrocyte cells treated with IGF-1 (d). OPCs (NG2, red), OLGs (CNPase, green), Scale bars: ea = 25 µm. (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001); (E) protein expression of NG2 and CNPase after 24 h in vitro co-culture of each group with oligodendrocyte cells treated with IGF-1 (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.01); (F) NG2 and CNPase protein quantification via Fusion (fx 7 Spectra, Vilber, France.) Data are percentages relative to the ß-actin level. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).