Fig 2: The predictive capacities of different biomarkers for severity and death. (A,B) The predictive powers for severity and death were evaluated through ROC curve in many biomarkers. (A) The predictive power for severity was analyzed through ROC curve among CAP severity scores, serum CYR61, markers of inflammation, and infection. (B) The predictive power for death was estimated via ROC curve among CAP severity scores, serum CYR61, markers of inflammation, and infection.

Fig 3: Serum CYR61 level and its association with severity of COPD. Sera were collected from COPD patients and controls. (A,B) Serum CYR61 level was detected using ELISA. (A) Serum CYR61 level was compared between COPD patients and controls. All data were represented as means ± S.E.M. (N = 150). (B) Serum CYR61 level was compared among different grades of COPD patients. All data were represented as means ± S.E.M. (N = 69 for G 1-2 patients, N = 48 for G 3 patients, N = 33 for G 4 patients). (C,D) Pulmonary CYR61 expression was compared between COPD patients and controls. (C) Three representative pictures. (D) Quantitative analysis of CYR61-positive cells in COPD patients and controls. (E,F) Pulmonary CYR61 was compared among different grades of COPD patients. (E) Three representative pictures: arrows indicate CYR61-positive cell; (F) Quantitative analysis of CYR61-positive cells in COPD patients with different grades. All data were represented as means ± S.E.M. (N = 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Fig 4: The association of serum CYR61 level with serum inflammatory cytokines in COPD patients. Sera were collected from 150 COPD patients and 150 control subjects. Serum CYR61 and inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA. (A,D) Association between serum CYR61 and MCP-1 was analyzed among all subjects. (A) Serum MCP-1 was compared among subjects with different levels of CYR61. (D) Correlation analysis between serum CYR61 and MCP-1. (B,E) Association between serum CYR61 and MCP-1 was analyzed among COPD patients. (B) Serum MCP-1 was compared among COPD patients with different levels of CYR61. (E) Correlation analysis between serum CYR61 and MCP-1. (C,F) Association between serum CYR61 and MCP-1 was analyzed among control subjects. (C) Serum MCP-1 was compared among control subjects with different levels of CYR61. (F) Correlation analysis between serum CYR61 and MCP-1. (G,J) Association between serum CYR61 and TNF-a was analyzed among all subjects. (G) Serum TNF-a was compared among subjects with different levels of CYR61. (J) Correlation analysis between serum CYR61 and TNF-a. (H,K) Association between serum CYR61 and TNF-a was analyzed among COPD patients. (H) Serum TNF-a was compared among COPD patients with different levels of CYR61. (K) Correlation analysis between serum CYR61 and TNF-a. (I,L) Association between serum CYR61 and TNF-a was analyzed among control subjects. (I) Serum TNF-a was compared among control subjects with different levels of CYR61. (L) Correlation analysis between serum CYR61 and TNF-a. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Fig 5: The levels of serum CYR61 in CAP patients. (A–G) The level of serum CYR61 was measured using ELISA. (A) The levels of serum CYR61 in CAP patients with different CRB-65 score. (B) The levels of serum CYR61 in CAP patients with different PSI score. (C) The levels of serum CYR61 in CAP patients with different SMART-COP score. (D) The levels of serum CYR61 in CAP patients with different CURXO score. (E) The levels of serum CYR61 in CAP patients with different CURB-65 score. (F) The levels of serum CYR61 in CAP patients with different APACHE II score. (G) The levels of serum CYR61 in CAP patients with bacterial infection or viral infection. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.