Fig 2: Mice treated with daily injections of lactoferrin (LTF) displayed decreased severity of colitis as compared with mice treated with vehicle or conditioned media from control (Ctrl) patients (n = 8/group). (A) Mice with active DSS colitis (4% w/v) received i.c. injections of vehicle or human apolactoferrin daily for 7 days. Clinical scores (B) were decreased and colon length was increased (C) in mice treated with LTF at days 6 and 7. (D) Quantification of Ki-67 immunohistochemistry using pixel-based densitometry (n = 3/group). (E) Representative images from Ki-67 immunoreactive sections. Scale bar = 100 μm; arrows indicate immunoreactive intestinal epithelial cells. (F and G) p70s6K and Akt phosphorylation in NCM460 cells, as assessed by Western blot (n = 3). *P < .05, **P < .01.

Fig 3: CD patient-derived conditioned media promotes NCM460 epithelial cell proliferation compared with control (Ctrl) patient media. Quantification of doubling time (A) and Delta Cell Index (B) is shown for n = 6 patients/group. NCM460 epithelial cell proliferation induced by CD patient-derived conditioned media was attenuated by pretreatment with AKT (C) and GSK-3 (D) inhibitors. The Delta Cell Index (Δ CI) is shown as percentage (%) of cells treated with inhibitors and media derived from control patients (n = 6, *P < .05, **P < .01).