Description
A bacterial metabolite with diverse biological activities; an inhibitor of V-ATPases (Ki = 0.5 nM in N. crassa vacuolar membranes); >1,000-fold selective for V-ATPases over Na+/K+-, Ca2+-, and H+-ATPases); inhibits autophagosome maturation and protein degradation in H-4-II-E cells at 100 nM; inhibits chloroquine-induced apoptosis in primary CGNs; reduces viral yield in the culture supernatant of SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 and Huh7 cells, as well as HEK293T cells expressing human ACE2, at 100 nM; reduces lung RNA copy numbers and viral pneumonia in ACE2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 at 0.1 mg/kg