Fig 1: GIOP-Exo treatment promotes osteoclast differentiation and growth of RANKL-induced BMMs. (A) The portion of multinucleated cells in BMMs after RANKL treatment determined by TRAP staining; (B) uptake of PKH67-labelled Exo by BMMs observed under the fluorescence microscope; (C) the portion of multinucleated cells in Exo-pre-treated BMMs followed by RANKL induction determined by TRAP staining; (D) mRNA expression of CTSK and MMP9 in BMMs after Exo treatment examined by RT-qPCR; (E) intensity of CTSK and MMP9 staining in BMMs after Exo treatment examined by immunofluorescence staining; (F) proliferation activity of BMMs examined by the CCK-8 method; (G) colony formation ability of the BMMs examined by the colony formation assay. At least three independent experiments were performed. Differences were compared by the unpaired t-test (A), one-way ANOVA (C, F and G), and two-way ANOVA (D and E). **p < 0.01.
Fig 2: BMSC-Exo extracted from MOP-treated GIOP rats inhibit osteoclast differentiation of BMMs induced by RANKL. (A) The BMSC-Exo from GIOP rats after different doses of MOP treatment were extracted, termed L-MOP-Exo, M-MOP-Exo and H-MOP-Exo, respectively; the portion of multinucleated cells in the Exo-pre-treated BMMs followed by RANKL induction determined by TRAP staining; (B) mRNA expression of CTSK and MMP9 in BMMs examined by RT-qPCR; (C) intensity of CTSK and MMP9 staining in BMMs examined by immunofluorescence staining; (D) proliferation activity of BMMs examined by the CCK-8 method; (E) colony formation ability of the BMMs examined by the colony formation assay. At least three independent experiments were performed. Differences were compared by one-way ANOVA (B, D and E) or two-way ANOVA (C and D). **p < 0.01 vs. PBS-Exo.
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