Fig 1: The newborn neurons were labeled by retroviruses and followed by treatment with PTN via mini-osmotic pump implantation(A) Schematic diagram of the stereotaxic injection of retroviruses expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) and infusion of PTN or vehicle via mini-osmotic pump.(B) Timeline of the experiments for viral injection, PTN infusion, and analyses of RFP-positive newborn neurons.(C) Representative image of the left brain section with the needle track (dot line). Scale bar, 2.5 mm(D) Representative images of RFP-positive newborn neurons in vehicle- or PTN-treated mice 4 weeks after retroviral injection. Scale bar, 100 μm.(E and F) Quantification of the (E) dendritic length (Student’s t test, vehicle versus PTN, p < 0.001) and (F) the dendritic complexity (UNIANOVA, F1,48 = 28.887, vehicle versus PTN, p < 0.001) of RFP-positive newborn neurons in vehicle- or PTN-treated mice 4 weeks after retroviral injection.