Fig 2: IL-23-induced psoriasis-like skin disease is ameliorated in IL-23-/- mice ARepresentative photographs of the ears of WT mice (left panel) and IL-23-/- mice (right panel) after intradermal injection with IL-23 (500 ng) on every other day for 8 times, n = 6 per group.BThe ear thickness of WT and IL-23-/- mice on the indicated day presented relative to day 0. Significant differences are indicated: one-way ANOVA, n = 6 per group (mean ± SEM).CRepresentative H&E staining of the ears treated as in (A), n = 6 per group. Scale bar: 50 µm.DAcanthosis of WT and IL-23-/- mice treated with IL-23. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 6 per group (mean ± SEM).ERepresentative immunostaining of Ki67 in ear skin derived from WT and IL-23-/- mice treated with IL-23 n = 6 per group. Scale bar: 50 µm.FQuantitation of Ki67+ cells in ear skin derived from WT and IL-23-/- mice treated with IL-23. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 6 per group (mean ± SEM).G, HELISA detection of IL-23p19 (G) and IL-17 (H) protein levels in supernatants of ear skin homogenates derived from indicated groups. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 3–5 per group (mean ± SEM).

Fig 3: The IMQ-induced psoriasis-like phenotype was improved in Tlr7 ki mice Tlr7 wt male mice (n = 6) and Tlr7-Y1025D mutant Tlr7 ki male mice (n = 6) were treated with indicated dose of IMQ for 5 days. Phenotypic presentation (top) and H&E staining (bottom) of dorsal skin. Scale bar: 100 µm. Left: H&E staining data; right: statistical data (mean ± SEM).Clinical scores plotted with mean ± SEM. * Denotes statistical significance when compared with the Tlr7 wt group.Body weight change plotted with mean ± SEM. * Denotes statistical significance when compared with the Tlr7 wt group.Quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA encoding IL-23/IL-17A axis cytokines and other psoriasis-related cytokines in the dorsal skin. Results were normalized to Gapdh expression.Representative p-p65 staining of the dorsal skin. Scale bars: 100 µm. Data information: Data are represented as mean ± SEM. P-values are determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (A, D) or Bonferroni multiple-comparison test (B, C). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Source data are available online for this figure.

Fig 4: RIG-I expression is increased in lesional skin of psoriasis mouse model and patients qPCR analysis of RIG-I mRNA expression in psoriatic lesions compared to healthy samples. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 10–13 per group (mean ± SEM).Representative immunohistochemical detection of RIG-I in skin of psoriatic lesions compared with healthy samples, n = 5 per group. Scale bar: 20 µm.Quantitation of RIG-I+ cells in dermis of psoriatic skin compared to healthy skin. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 5 per group (mean ± SEM).qPCR analysis of RIG-I mRNA expression in ear skin of mice treated with PBS or IL-23. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 11 per group (mean ± SEM).Western blot analysis of RIG-I expression in ears treated with PBS or IL-23 (n = 3).Western blot analysis of RIG-I expression in ears untreated or treated with IMQ (n = 4).Correlation between RIG-I expression and acanthosis of 84 psoriatic skin samples (r 2 = 0.3577). Significant differences are indicated: Pearson test, two-tailed.Data information: qPCR values expressed as the ratio of mRNA to ß-actin, relative to control samples, and indicated as fold change.Source data are available online for this figure.

Fig 5: NF-?B signaling is required for the expression of IL-23p19 in DCs ABMDCs were transfected with scramble siRNA (Ctr), p65 siRNA (si-p65), IRF-3 siRNA (si-IRF-3), or IRF-7 siRNA (si-IRF-7). Cell lysates were immunoblotted with anti-p65, anti-IRF-3, anti-IRF-7, or anti-ß-actin Ab. Values were expressed as fold changes relative to controls and normalized to ß-actin.B–DqPCR and ELISA analysis of IL-23p19 expression in BMDCs transfected with scramble siRNA (Ctr), p65 siRNA (si-p65) (B), IRF-3 siRNA (si-IRF-3) (C), or IRF-7 siRNA (si-IRF-7) (D), and stimulated with IL-23 or 5'ppp-dsRNA for 30 or 36 h. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 3–6 per group (mean ± SEM).EThe schematic diagram shows one potential binding site of p65 in the putative promoter element of mouse IL-23p19.Fp65 was immunoprecipitated from BMDCs stimulated with IL-23. Immunoprecipitates were assayed for the enrichment of IL-23 promoter. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 3–4 per group (mean ± SEM).GLuciferase activity in lysates of RAW264.7 cells transfected with luciferase reporter plasmids of pGL3-basic empty vector (basic), IL-23p19 promoter (pIL-23p19-wt), or IL-23p19 promoter with mutation on the predicted NF-?B binding site (pIL-23p19-mut), unstimulated or stimulated with IL-23 or/and 5'ppp-dsRNA. Results are presented as the ratio of firefly luciferase to Renilla luciferase activity, relative to that of unstimulated RAW264.7 cells transfected with pGL3-basic empty vector. Significant differences are indicated: two-tailed Student's t-test, n = 3–4 per group (mean ± SEM). Source data are available online for this figure.