T-cell exhaustion is a dysfunctional state caused by persistent antigen stimulation and defined by loss of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell effector function. Exhausted T cells were originally identified in the context of chronic murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection and have been observed in humans affected with chronic viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C virus, and cancer. This paper presents a 12-color flow cytometry panel that enables a comprehensive assessment of the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors associated with T-cell exhaustion within distinct T-cell subsets. Read the methods and results to see how such a method can be used for determination of the differentiation and exhaustion states of chronically stimulated T cells.
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