Fig 1: Recovery effects of taxifolin on oxidative stress-induced (A) IGF-1 formation and (B) TGF-ß1 production. Cells were pre-incubated with indicated concentration of taxifolin (µg/mL, w/v) and treated with hydrogen peroxide for 12 h. IGF-1 production as measured as described in Materials and methods. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.001 vs. non-treated group. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.005 vs. control group (hydrogen peroxide treated only). TGF-ß1 production was measured as described in Materials and methods. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.01 vs. non-treated group. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs. control group (hydrogen peroxide treated only).
Fig 2: Recovery effects of Ulmus extract fractions on oxidative-stress-induced IGF-1 formation. Cells were pre-incubated with the indicated doses of (A) U60E, (B) USCFR, (C) USCFREA, and (D) catechin-glycoside (µg/mL, w/v) and treated with H2O2 for 12 h. IGF-1 production was measured as described in Materials and Methods. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, # p < 0.05, ¶ p < 0.05 and † p < 0.05 vs. normal group (blank). ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01, ## p < 0.05, ### p < 0.01, ¶¶ p < 0.005, †† p < 0.05 and ††† p < 0.001 vs. control group (H2O2 treated only).
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