Fig 1: Plasma levels of IGF-1 and lncRNA HAND2-AS1 were positively correlated in end-stage DCM patients but not in healthy controls.Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that plasma levels of IGF-1 and lncRNA HAND2-AS1 were positively correlated in end-stage DCM patients (a) but not in healthy controls (b).
Fig 2: Downregulated plasma lncRNA HAND2-AS1 and IGF-1 separated end-stage DCM patients from healthy controls.ROC curve analysis was performed using end-stage DCM patients as true positive cases and healthy controls as true negative cases. Downregulated plasma lncRNA HAND2-AS1 (a) and IGF-1 (b) separated end-stage DCM patients from healthy controls.
Fig 3: Plasma IGF-1 and lncRNA HAND2-AS1 were downregulated in end-stage DCM patients compared with healthy controls.Plasma levels of HAND2-AS1 and IGF-1 were measured by ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively, and differences were analyzed by the unpaired t test. Compared with healthy controls, end-stage DCM patients had significantly reduced HAND2-AS1 (a) and IGF-1(b) levels (*, P<0.05).
Fig 4: Levels of nesfatin-1, GH and IGF-1 in response to CO or the cluster of the other four MetS risk factors alone as well as CO in conjunction with the cluster of the other four MetS risk factors. Nesfatin-1 level of subjects with/without the cluster of four MetS risk factors regardless of the status of CO (RFNO and RFO vs NRFNO and NRFO) (A). Nesfatin-1 level of subjects with/without CO regardless of the status of the cluster of four MetS risk factors (NRFNO and RFNO vs NRFO and RFO) (B). Comparison of Nesfatin-1 level among subjects with no MetS risk factors (NRFNO), central obese only (NRFO), the cluster of the other MetS risk factors other than central obese (RFNO), and all MetS risk factors (RFO) (C). Growth hormone level of subjects with/without the cluster of four MetS risk factors regardless of the status of CO (RFNO and RFO vs NRFNO and NRFO) (D). Growth hormone level of subjects with/without CO regardless of the status of the cluster of four MetS risk factors (NRFNO and RFNO vs NRFO and RFO) (E). Comparison of growth hormone level among subjects with no MetS risk factors (NRFNO), central obese only (NRFO), the cluster of the other MetS risk factors other than central obese (RFNO), and all MetS risk factors (RFO) (F). Insulin-like growth factor-1 level of subjects with/without the cluster of four MetS risk factors regardless of the status of CO (RFNO and RFO vs NRFNO and NRFO) (G). Insulin-like growth factor-1 level of subjects with/without CO regardless of the status of the cluster of four MetS risk factors (NRFNO and RFNO vs NRFO and RFO) (H). Comparison of Insulin-like growth factor-1 level among subjects with no MetS risk factors (NRFNO), central obese only (NRFO), the cluster of the other MetS risk factors other than central obese (RFNO), and all MetS risk factors (RFO) (I).
Fig 5: Evaluation of IGF-1 release. Aged human hippocampal neurons were incubated with culture medium only (control cells) or GPE at three different concentrations (5, 50 and 500 µM), or choline alphoscerate (500 µM) for 21 days. The release of IGF1 into the culture medium was determined by an immunoenzymatic assay (human IGF1 ELISA kit, ab100545). The data are expressed as a percentage with respect to the control (set at 100%) and represent the mean ± SEM of three separate experiments, executed in triplicate. ***p < 0.001 versus aged cells
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