Fig 1: Effects of GQWTF on 10-week high-fat diet induced mice. Body weight A was monitored once a week, and fasting blood-glucose (FBG) (B) every 2 weeks during 10-week trial. C Dynamic changes of blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and AUC is area under the blood glucose-time curves of OGTT. D The relative protein expression of PTPN1, PPARA, PPARG and phosphorylation of INSR in liver using western blot analysis. Data are shown as means ± SEM of ten (A, B) or six (C) or three (D) independent experiments. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, compared with control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared with model group
Fig 2: Histone methylation on promoters of Pparg2 and Cpt1a. Histone modifications on Pparg2 (A–C) and Cpt1a (D–F) genes were measured by ChIP-qPCR with antibodies against (A,D) H3k4me2 (active mark), (B,E) H3K9me3 (inactive mark), and (C,F) H3K27me2 (inactive mark) in the livers of rats treated with olanzapine and/or olanzapine control (n = 6/group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, vs. control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, vs. olanzapine. O+B, co-treatment of olanzapine and betahistine.
Fig 3: Effect of chronic olanzapine and/or betahistine treatment on PPAR? pathway. (A) mRNA expression of Pparg; (B) relative protein levels of Ppar?; (C) representative images of Western blot for PPAR? (57-KDa) and ß-actin (42-KDa; as loading controls); (D) mRNA expression of Cebpa; (E) relative protein levels of C/ebpa; (F) representative images of Western blot for C/ebpa (43-KDa) and ß-actin (42-KDa; as loading controls). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The sample size is 6 per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, vs. control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, vs. olanzapine. Abbreviations: C, control; O, olanzapine; B, betahistine; O+B, co-treatment of olanzapine and betahistine.
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