Fig 2: Adult female Dirofilaria immitis. a Anti-Nras stained section showing punctate staining associated with the Wolbachia. b An anti-WSP stained serial section

Fig 3: Adult female Brugia malayi. a Anti-Nras stained section showing a punctate staining present in the hypodermis. b Anti-WSP stain of a serial section showing punctate staining associated with the presence of Wolbachia

Fig 4: Adult Onchocerca ochengi stained with anti-Nras. a The hypodermis (H) showing punctate staining consistent with the location of Wolbachia. Nuclei in the uterine (U) developing microfilariae are also positive. b The nuclei in the developing morulae in the uterus (U), and the intestinal epithelium (I) are also positive. The body wall (W) cuticle is negative

Fig 5: a Female O.volvulus stained with anti-WSP demonstrating the presence of Wolbachia. b A serial section stained the anti-Nras stain showing an intense punctate pattern associated with Wolbachia