Fig 2: Identification of I?Ba-pY42 as a novel site recognized by PTPL1.Notes: (A) Both PTPL1 and I?Ba were predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Importantly, I?Ba-Y42 phosphorylation level was negatively correlated with the PTPL1 level. (B) In OV-90 cells transfected with PTPL1 plasmids, the phosphorylation on I?Ba-Y42 was lower than that in control cells, which was consistent with the data from clinical samples. Subsequently, the phosphorylated I?Ba protein underwent degradation, thereby released the NF-?B into the cell nucleus, as reflected by Western blot. By conducting the proliferation (C) and invasion (D) experiments, we found that the tumor-promoting effects of PTPL1-silencing were attenuated by I?Ba inhibitor Bay 11-7085 or its tyrosine-alanine (Y42A) mutation. (E) The signaling axis of PTPL1-I?Ba-pY42-NF-?B is shown in a schematic model. *p<0.05.Abbreviation: PTPL1, protein tyrosine phosphatase L1.

Fig 3: Effects of PTPL1 on tumor cell proliferation and invasion.Notes: (A) PTPL1 showed detectable expression level in both POC cells and OV-90 cells, although significantly lower than that in normal FTEC. (B) MTT assay revealed a tumor-promoting effect of silencing PTPL1, whereas PTPL1 overexpression attenuated cell proliferation. (C) Transfected OV-90 cells were subjected to Matrigel-Transwell assay, and an approximately 70% decrease was observed in PTPL1-overexpressing cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P<0.05.Abbreviations: FTEC, fallopian tube epithelium cells; POC, primary ovarian cancer; PTPL1, protein tyrosine phosphatase L1.

Fig 4: Expression patterns and cellular localization of PTPL1 in ovarian carcinoma tissues and normal ovarian tissues.Notes: (A) The mRNA level of PTPL1 in HGSOC was significantly lower than that in adjacent NT tissues (P=0.042). (B) The protein expression of PTPL1 was compared in seven paired fresh-frozen HGSOC (T) and NT tissues by Western blot, five of them (5/7, 71.4%) showed higher levels in adjacent tissues. (C) Representative images of positive PTPL1 immunohistochemical staining in adjacent ovarian tissues, showing the localization of PTPL1 in the cell cytoplasm. (D) Representative negative-staining images were demonstrated in HGSOC tissues. Magnification: ×400. *P<0.05.Abbreviations: HGSOC, high-grade serous ovarian cancer; NT, nontumorous; PTPL1, protein tyrosine phosphatase L1.

Fig 5: PTPN13 was identified as a direct target of miR-30e. (A) The main target genes of miR-30e in cancer tissues. (B) Diagrams showed the miR-30e putative binding sites and corresponding mutant sites of PTPN13. (C) The expression level of PTPN13 was examined after transfection with miR-30e by real-time PCR and Western blotting assays. (D) Luciferase activity was detected after miR-30e transfection. (E) The expression level of PTPN13 was examined after transfection with sh-miR-30e by real-time PCR and Western blotting assays. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.