Fig 1: Cancer Alters the Transcriptome of Human Monocytes(A) Principal-component analysis (PCA) plot of n = 12,157 genes expressed in monocytes from healthy individuals (Mo) (n = 45) and TEMo from cancer patients (n = 35; breast cancer [BrCa] = 32; endometrial cancer [EnCa] = 3).(B) Hierarchical clustering of all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Mo and TEMo. Expression values are Z score transformed. Samples were clustered using complete linkage and Euclidean distance.(C) Gene ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs between TEMo and Mo (blue, downregulated genes; red, upregulated genes).(D) Bar plot of selected DEGs in TEMo (FDR <= 0.05).(E) Expression of CD200R1, TNFSF10, HGF, and ANGPT1 mRNA in Mo and breast TEMo (n = 3–5; independent from the RNA-seq cohort).(F) Relative distribution of non-classical monocytes from healthy controls and BrCa and EnCa patients determined by flow cytometry shown as percentage in the monocyte gate. Cohort 1: Mo, n = 31, BrCa TEMo, n = 22, EnCa TEMo, n = 12. Cohort 2, BrCa and controls only: Mo, n = 18, TEMo, n = 33.(G) ELISA quantification of CX3CL1 and CCL2 levels in the sera of control (CTR) (n = 15) and BrCa patients (n = 45).(H) Expression of CX3CR1 and CCR2 in Mo (n = 10) and breast TEMo (n = 31). Data are expressed as geometric mean (Geo mean).(I and J) Confusion matrix (I) and summary of results of Recursive Feature Elimination with Random Forest (RFE-RF) classification on the testing set (n = 22) for breast TEMo (J).(K) Receiver operating characteristic curves of RFE-RF classification in the training and test set.(E and H) Data depicted as means ± SEM; (F and G) horizontal bars represent the mean of the individual values ± SD; (E–H) Student's t test; *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001.See also Figure S1 and Table S1.