Fig 2: Representative Western blots (above) and analyses of the protein expression (below) in endothelial cells grown with 100 nM PRAV or 100 nM ATOR (A) and in mitochondria isolated from ATOR-treated cells (B). CS: citrate synthase; COXII: cytochrome c oxidase subunit II; VDAC 1: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1; HKI: hexokinase I; HMGCR: HMG-CoA reductase; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 1; UCP2: uncoupling protein 2; ACADS: acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase; CoQ10B: mitochondrial coenzyme Q-binding protein CoQ10 homolog B; CI–CIV: complexes of respiratory chain. Mean ± SD; n = 5–10; p < 0.05 (*), comparison vs. control values.

Fig 3: Representative Western blots (left) and analyses of the protein expression (right) in endothelial cells grown for 6 days under normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H) conditions (b) and in mitochondria isolated from these cells (a). HKI hexokinase I, COXII cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, SOD1 and SOD2 superoxide dismutases, UCP2 and UCP3 uncoupling proteins, GDH glutamate dehydrogenase, ACADS acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, E3BP pyruvate dehydrogenase, CI-CIV, complexes of respiratory chain, Mito marker mitochondrial marker, GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Means ± SD; n = 10. P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.001 (***), comparison vs. control values (N)

Fig 4: Determination of protein levels in endothelial cells grown for 6 days in the presence of 100 µM PAL (100 PAL), 150 µM PAL (150 PAL), or under control (C) conditions (a) and in mitochondria isolated from these cells (b). a Representative Western blots and analyses of the protein expression of ICAM1, cytochrome c oxidase (COXII), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase I (HKI), citrate synthase (CS), and mitochondrial marker (Mito marker). b Representative Western blots and analyses of the protein expression of the uncoupling proteins UCP2 and UCP3, superoxide dismutase (SOD2), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDh), acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACADS), pyruvate dehydrogenase (E3BP), and citrate synthase (CS) (upper panel) and particular subunits of ATP synthase, Complex III (CIII), Complex II (CII), Complex IV (CIV, COXII), and Complex I (CI). Expression levels normalized for ß actin (a), Mito marker (b , upper panel) or COXII (b , lower panel) protein abundance is shown. Results are presented as the means ± SD; n = 8. p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (** or ##), or p < 0.001 (*** or ###). Asterisks (*, **, ***) are comparison vs. control values (C, no PAL). Number signs (##, ###) are comparison between values obtained for cells grown in the presence of 100 µM PAL and those grown in the presence of 150 µM PAL