Description
Product Characteristics:
Beta Arrestin 1 is a member of a family of proteins that are widely expressed but especially abundant in the central nervous system. Serving as an adaptor or scaffold molecule, beta Arrestin 1 is essential for mitogenic signaling. It mediates agonist dependent desensitization and internalization of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs, e.g., beta 2 adrenergic receptor). After binding to their ligand and interacting with heterotrimeric G proteins, GPCRs are phosphorylated by G protein receptor kinases (GRKs) on serine residues. Beta Arrestin 1 has important roles in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane in the desensitization and internalization of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is increasingly appreciated to play an important role in the endocytosis and signaling of GPCRs. Beta Arrestin 1 in the cytosol is phosphorylated by ERK1 and 2 on serine 412 in a negative feedback mechanism and binds to the phosphorylated receptors at the plasma membrane. Serine 412 is then dephosphorylated and the GPCRs are internalized, leading to activation of the Ras, Raf, ERK1 and 2 signaling pathway.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell membrane
Synonyms: beta Arrestin 1 phospho S412, p-beta Arrestin 1 phospho S412, ARB 1, ARB1, ARR 1, ARR1, ARRB 1, ARRB1, Arrestin beta 1.
Target Information: Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 1 is a cytosolic protein and acts as a cofactor in the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (BARK) mediated desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors. Besides the central nervous system, it is expressed at high levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, and thus the BARK/beta-arrestin system is believed to play a major role in regulating receptor-mediated immune functions. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms of arrestin beta 1 have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]