Fig 1: Pioglitazone increases ABCG5 and ABCG8 and decreases NPC1L1 and ACAT2 in intestine. a Western blot analysis of ABCG5, ABCG8, NPC1L1 and ACAT2 protein; b Quantification of ABCG5 expressed as the ratio (as a percentage) of control; c Quantification of ABCG8 expressed as the ratio (as a percentage) of control; d Quantification of NPC1L1 expressed as the ratio (as a percentage) of control; e Quantification of ACAT2 expressed as the ratio (as a percentage) of control. Values shown are means ±SD, n = 4. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus LD group
Fig 2: Pioglitazone increases expression of hepatic ABCG5, ABCG8 and BSEP. a Western blot analysis of ABCG5, ABCG8 and BSEP protein; b Quantification of ABCG5 expressed as the ratio (as a percentage) of control; c Quantification of ABCG8 expressed as the ratio (as a percentage) of control; d Quantification of BSEP expressed as the ratio (as a percentage) of control. Values shown are means ± SD, n = 4. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus LD group
Fig 3: C. rodentium Triggers Production and Secretion of Cholesterol(A) Schematic representation of the Ampk-regulated proteins and downstream pathways, suggesting that Ampk is inactive. The transcription factor TP53 was predicted to be inhibited (blue), whereas Srebp2 was predicted activated (orange), promoting cell-cycle and cholesterol biosynthesis, respectively (quantification is shown in Figure S1F).(B) Phosphorylation of Ampka in control and infected IECs.(C) Schematic representation of the regulated proteins in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway showing a global increased of enzyme abundance (quantification is shown in Figure S1G). Proteins below the significant value (log2 fold change >0.59 or <-0.59) are shown in gray.(D) Western blot of Srebp2 and Gapdh on uninfected and infected IECs showing that Srebp2 (full arrowhead) is cleaved and activated in infected cells (open arrowhead). A pool of three mice was used for the western blot.(E) Western blots of Abca1 and Abcg8 in uninfected and C. rodentium-infected IECs.(F) Level of fecal cholesterol measured in uninfected and infected mice. *Mann-Whitney test with p value < 0.05. Each dot represents an individual mouse and bars show the geometric means.
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