Description
Product Characteristics: Function: Ubiquitin-like protein which can be covalently attached to target lysines as a monomer. Does not seem to be involved in protein degradation and may modulate protein subcellular localization, stability or activity. Upon oxidative stress, conjugates to various anti-oxidant enzymes, chaperones, and stress defense proteins. May also conjugate to NFKBIA, TFAP2A and FOS, negatively regulating their transcriptional activity, and to NR3C1, positively regulating its transcriptional activity. Covalent attachment to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I. Tissue specificity: Expressed mainly in adult and embryonic kidney. Expressed at various levels in immune tissues, with the highest expression in the lymph node and spleen. Post-translational modification: In contrast to SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3, seems to be insensitive to sentrin-specific proteases due to the presence of Pro-90. This may impair processing to mature form and conjugation to substrates.,Ubiquitination,Small ubiquitin-related modifier 4, SUMO-4, Small ubiquitin-like protein 4, SUMO4, SMT3H4
Target Information: This gene is a member of the SUMO gene family. This family of genes encode small ubiquitin-related modifiers that are attached to proteins and control the target proteins' subcellular localization, stability, or activity. The protein described in this record is located in the cytoplasm and specifically modifies IKBA, leading to negative regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription of the IL12B gene. A specific polymorphism in this SUMO gene, which leads to the M55V substitution, has been associated with type I diabetes. The RefSeq contains this polymorphism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]