Fig 2: iNOS gene is expressed in the quail retina during embryonic and post-hatching development and adulthood. A. Representative gel from three independent experiments of agarose gel electrophoresis of iNOS mRNA by RT-PCR of cDNAs prepared from quail retinas of different embryonic (E8, E9, E14 and E16) and post-hatching (P4 and adulthood) ages. iNOS RT-PCR products at each age are referred to the corresponding 18S rRNA bands. Expression of the iNOS gene is observed in retinas at all tested ages (embryonic, postnatal and adulthood). B. Quantitative analysis of iNOS mRNA expression in quail retinas of different ages, as shown by RT-PCR of six RT-PCR experiments. The histogram represents changes in the iNOS mRNA levels (mean ± SEM) at the different ages with respect to E8. No significant differences are observed between the different ages (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test for multiple comparisons).

Fig 3: Pecten-adhered vitreal macrophages are also positive for iNOS immunostaining.Confocal image of a QH1 (green) and anti-iNOS (red) double-immunostained cross section of the pecten from a quail embryo at 8 days of incubation. Note that QH1-positive vitreal macrophages adhered to the pecten surface are strongly iNOS-positive, whereas endothelial cells of blood vessels (arrows) within the pecten show strong QH1 labeling but are weakly immunostained with anti-iNOS. Scale bar, 25 µm.

Fig 4: Effects of indomethacin alone and with oral pre-treatments of famotidine or A. anthelmintica (200, 100 mg/kg) on gastric inducible nitric oxide expression (iNOS) in rats. (A) Gastric mucosa of the control group showing scanty immunoexpression of iNOS within the basal parts of the gastric glands (arrows), (B) gastric mucosa of the ulcer group showing marked expression of iNOS within the degenerated gastric glands (arrows), (C) gastric mucosa of famotidine group showing marked decrease the expression of iNOS within the gastric glands (arrows), (D) gastric mucosa of A. anthelmintica (200 mg/kg) group showing marked decrease in the expression of iNOS within the gastric glands (arrows indicate expression within the basal parts of the glands), (E) gastric mucosa of A. anthelmintica (100 mg/kg) group showing a decrease in the expression of iNOS within the gastric glands (arrows), iNOS antibody, bar = 100 µm. (F) Representative bar graph of the percentage of immunopositive area. Statistical analyses were carried out by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, mean ± SEM. * Significantly different from control group at p < 0.05. @ Significantly different from indomethacin (ulcer) group at p < 0.05. # Significantly different from A. anthelmintica (200 mg/kg) group at p < 0.05.

Fig 5: Endothelium-dependent relaxation and influence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in ascending aortas from wild-type and CD mice. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine were evaluated in the absence and presence of the nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (3 × 10-4 M). Results are the mean ± SEM from wild-type (n = 5–15) and CD (n = 4–13) mice. ***P < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA.